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2 Vitamin B1 Vitamin B1, or thiamine, is an essential nutrient obtained through dietary sources such as whole-grain products, brown rice, meat, vegetables, and fruits ( Thiamine is integral to the biochemistry of the nervous system, serving primarily as a coenzyme in key enzymatic reactions associated with energy metabolism, particularly the conversion of carbohydrates into usable energy ( In the brain, thiamine is phosphorylated at the cellular level to form its active derivative, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) ( Figure 3 )

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