In 2021, the Australian government implemented new rules requiring a prescription for nicotine-containing e-liquids to protect public health while allowing smokers access to a less harmful option
To date, FDA has issued over 680 warning letters to firms for manufacturing, selling, and/or distributing unauthorized new tobacco products, issued more than 690 warning letters to retailers for the sale of unauthorized tobacco products, and filed civil money penalty complaints against more than 70 manufacturers and 160 retailers for continued distribution and/or sale of unauthorized tobacco products
The surveys excluded healthcare spending on all other tobacco products, secondhand smoke exposure, dental care, youth tobacco use, indirect medical care costs, and infant and maternal medical services, and the results are still staggering
The World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) [28] framework and the revised Wilson and Cleary [29, 30] model were used as a guide to broadly inform categories for data extraction from the literature on TNP use and health and functioning
R., Papandonatos, G
